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The Application and the Development Foreground of Chitin and Chitosan
ZHANG Wei,LIN Hong,CHEN Yu-yue (School of Material Engineering,Soochow University,Suzhou 215021,China)The structure and the performance of chitin and chitosan are introduced and the application of chitin and chitosan in various fields is analyzed in this paper.The existing problems and the development foreground of chitin and chitosan are summarized in this paper.
Application of Increasing PID Controlling Method in Temperature Controlling System
YAN Xiao-zhao,ZHANG Xing-guo(School of Mechanical Engineering,Nantong University,Nantong 226007,China)Temperature control is widely applied in scientific experiments and industrial processes.However,the temperature control system has characteristics of being nonlinear,time-varying and has hysteretic complicated large inertial system,and the effect of control is closely related to the algorithms adopted.In this paper,an experimental temperature control system is developed to meet the requirement of innovative ability training for mechatronic undergraduates.An increasing PID control algorithm is designed.The experimental results prove that the effect of the designed algorithm is better than the traditional PID algorithm.
Preparation of functionalized carbon nanomaterials and their energy storage applications
LI Qi;QIN Tian;GE Cunwang;Over the past decades, functional carbon nanomaterials(FCMs) have attracted much attention from the materials science community owning to their outstanding physical and chemical properties, such as high electronic conductivity/rapid mass transfer, plentiful active sites, good chemical stability, and robust mechanical stiffness. In view of the anisotropic and synergistic effects stemming from the functionalization as well as small size effect at the nanoscale,these multifunctional FCMs exhibit high potential especially in lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, potassiumion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, organic solar cells, and supercapacitors. In this review, the functionalization strategies of carbon nanomaterials that have been developed over the last five years are comprehensively summarized and then application of FCMs in energy storage and conversion is introduced exhaustively. Finally, the pressing challenges and research directions are discussed according to the development trend.
Preparation of biochar and its application in environmental pollution management
WANG Jiayue;LING Qian;ZHANG Yunhao;WANG Xinyu;LIN Jiaqi;ZHANG Weitao;LIU Zhixin;WANG Xiangke;Biochar is a kind of environmentally friendly porous material which can be easily synthesized at low cost and in large scale. It has a wide range of applications in environmental pollution control and pollutants′ remediation and immobilization due to its large specific surface area and abundant surface functional groups. In this review, we mainly summarized the preparation of biochar, discussed the effect of preparation conditions on the properties of prepared biochar. The application of biochar in the removal of various pollutants from wastewater and soil improvement,the immobilization and elimination of different pollutants in soils, were reviewed in detail and the interaction mechanism was discussed. The removal of heavy metal ions was mainly attributed to the sorption of metal ions through the formation of surface complexes and part of metal ions could be reduced from high valence to low valence and then immobilized on biochar through adsorption-reduction-solidification strategy. The removal of organic pollutants from solution to biochar was mainly attributed to surface complexation, H bonding and π-π interaction on biochar surfaces.The organic pollutants could also be photocatalytic degraded by biochar or biochar-based materials under visible light irradiation. In conclusion, further research and discussion on the interaction mechanism of pollutant molecular with biochar at molecular level are helpful for the application of biochar in wastewater treatment and soil remediation. This review is of scientific significance for reducing the migration and transformation of pollutants in the environment and reducing the risk of environmental pollutants in the natural environment.
Modeling and simulation of proton exchange membrane electrolyzer system
WANG Huidong;YAO Haiyan;GUO Qiang;XIA Hongjun;Proton exchange membrane(PEM) electrolyzer converts electrical energy into chemical and heat energy,which is a green hydrogen production method, featuring fast response, high current density, compact structure, and other advantages. In the modeling of proton exchange membrane electrolysis water hydrogen production system,existing literature lacks a lumped parameter model that comprehensively describes the voltage and current changes of the electrolysis cell, as well as the temperature dynamics of each component of the system. This study establishes a steady-state voltage model of PEM electrolyzer and the thermal dynamic model of the system based on the basic principles of electrochemistry and the laws of thermodynamics. The simulation analysis was carried out based on MATLAB/Simulink software, and the simulation results were compared with the experimental data. The results showed that the voltage error is less than 0.02 V, and the temperature error is less than 1.6 K, which verifies the validity of the model. The established model can describe and predict the behavior of system parameters and provide support for system design and control. According to the efficiency model of PEM electrolyzer and the simulation results, the influence of different temperature and pressure on the performance of the electrolyzer was analyzed. It is concluded that increasing the temperature and decreasing the pressure can improve the efficiency of the electrolyzer, with temperature being the main factor. Using the simulation model, a feedforward PID controller was employed for temperature control, achieving an overshoot of less than 0.6 K and a settling time within 400 seconds. Comparison with a traditional PID controller demonstrates that the feedforward PID controller has advantages in terms of reduced overshoot and faster response.
Research progress of AP2/ERF transcription factor family in response to abiotic stress in woody plants
HUANG Qianhui;TIAN Bowen;HUA Xuan;ZHOU Xintong;JIANG Zhan;CHEN Yanhong;ZHANG JianWoody plants constitute fundamental components of global ecosystems, contributing significantly to ecological stability. Throughout their growth, they encounter various abiotic stresses, including cold, drought, salt, and flooding, which can substantially affect their development. The AP2/ERF(APETALA2/ethylene responsive factor)transcription factor family, one of the largest in plants, is widely present in woody species. This review outlines the classification of AP2/ERF transcription factors in woody plants and examines their roles in mediating responses to abiotic stresses, specifically cold, drought, salt, and flooding. Analysis reveals that the ERF and DREB subfamilies predominate within this family in woody plants, with the DREB subfamily member CBF identified as a critical element in cold stress signal transduction. These findings enhance understanding of the functions of AP2/ERF transcription factors in woody plants and their involvement in abiotic stress responses.
Advances in full-color MicroLED micro-display technology
YAN Long;HAN Bing;ZHAO Xiangjie;HUANG Jianhua;TONG Yang;LI Ziwei;The widespread application and popularization of novel display products such as wearable devices, augmented reality(AR), and mixed reality(MR) have imposed higher performance requirements on new display technologies,particularly in terms of miniaturization, high resolution, and high stability. Micro-display devices based on microlight emitting diodes(MicroLEDs) exhibit outstanding characteristics including low power consumption, high stability, long lifespan, and fast response time. In recent years, related technologies and products have been widely applied in VR/AR glasses and micro-projection devices. By integrating color conversion pixels and metasurface structures on blue MicroLED matrix pixel chips, red, green, and blue(RGB) tri-color array light-emitting devices can be constructed, enabling dynamic full-color image display under active drive control. This paper summarizes the mainstream technologies for achieving full-color micro-display with MicroLEDs, including phosphor color conversion technology, quantum dot color conversion technology, and metasurface integration technology. It further analyzes and compares the advantages and disadvantages of these technologies, reviews the latest research progress in MicroLED full-color micro-display devices, and discusses the significance of these technologies in promoting the development of the new display industry.
Overview of SERS
LAN Yan-na,ZHOULing (Nantong Institute of Technology,Nantong226007,China)The principle of Raman spectrumis expounded first.Then the characteristics of SERS effect in experiment is summaˉrized and the mechanism of SERS is described.It's an accepted viewthat the mechanism of electromagnetic enhancement and the mechanismof chemical enhancement are both in existence.But which one is more important in different experiment depends on specific condition.
Research Status of the Bond - slip between Reinforcing Steel Bar and Concrete
CHEN Jian - ping, XU Xun - qian, BAG Hua (1. Zhuyuan Design Company Ltd., Nantong 226000, China; 2. Nantong University, Nantong 226007, China)Many researchers have been devoting themselves to the study of the bond - slip between reinforcing steel bar and concrete . However, because of the complexity of the transferring - force on the interface between them, a number of factors and different tests and diverse surveys have led to sporadic experimental data, so we haven' t had any uniform formula up to the present. In this paper, external and internal research status of the tests, the constitutive relationship and FEM analysis are discussed briefly one by one.
Sense-measurement System Design for Mobile Robot Using Ultrasonic and Infrared Sensors
DING Li-jun1,HUA Liang2,CHEN Feng2(1.Jiaxing University,Jiaxing 314001 China;2.Nantong University,Nantong 226019,China)This paper puts forward a design of sense-measurement for mobile robot with ultrasonic and infrared sensors.The non-detection zone of ultrasonic sensor is compensated by infrared sensor,and the measurement range of mobile robot is enlarged.The software and hardware platforms of sense-measurement system are designed.Theoretical and experimental studies of distance measurement are completed.The sense-measurement system designed in this paper is of high efficiency,an explicit structure,high precision,better maintainability,repeatability,high reliability and wide application.