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About the Journal
Governed by: Jiangsu Education Department
Sponsored by: Nantong University
Published by: Editorial Office of Journal of Nantong University (Natural Science Edition)
Issues per year: 4
ISSN: 1673-2340
CN: 32-1755/N
Recent progress in circularly polarized organic light-emitting diodes based on chiral supramolecular assembly
CHU Xinpeng;ZHANG Yuxia;MA Yun;Circularly polarized organic light-emitting diodes(CP-OLEDs) have demonstrated significant application potential in areas such as 3D displays and optical information encryption, owing to their intrinsic capability to directly generate circularly polarized electroluminescence. However, achieving both high device efficiency and a high electroluminescent dissymmetry factor(gEL) remains a major challenge and a focal research topic in this field. Recent advances in chiral supramolecular assembly demonstrate that this system can construct long-range ordered helical nanostructures by precisely regulating intermolecular interactions, such as π-π stacking and hydrogen bonding. This approach facilitates the attainment of a high gELvalue while maintaining favorable device efficiency. Consequently, chiral supramolecular assembly systems have emerged as one of the most effective strategies for realizing CP-OLEDs featuring both high device efficiency and elevated gELvalues. Furthermore, the processes of chiral self-assembly or co-assembly frequently involve chiral transfer, chiral induction, and intermolecular Förster resonance energy transfer. These processes are advantageous for inducing achiral dyes to achieve circularly polarized electroluminescence, thereby effectively reducing the synthetic complexity of chiral luminescent materials. This paper analyzes the influence of intermolecular forces on the chiral supramolecular assembly process from two perspectives: Chiral supramolecular self-assembly and chiral supramolecular co-assembly. It investigates the role of highly ordered helical structures in the mechanisms of chirality transfer, chirality induction, and chirality amplification. Additionally, it summarizes the most recent research advancements in CP-OLEDs: Through precise regulation of intermolecular interactions such as π-π stacking and hydrogen bonding, chiral molecules can self-assemble into helical nanostructures or co-assemble with achiral luminophores to achieve chirality induction. Experiments demonstrate that the synergistic effect of lamellar ordering and energy transfer in chiral liquid crystal materials can significantly enhance device efficiency, allowing external fields to dynamically tune the helical pitch and polarization direction. This review provides theoretical guidance for the future development of CP-OLEDs with both high gELvalues and high efficiency.
Stock index futures trading strategies based on model ensemble reinforcement learning method
LIU Lei;ZHANG Fengmin;QIAN Cheng;This paper focuses on stock index futures and designs an integrated reinforcement learning quantitative trading strategy based on advantage actor critic(A2C) model and proximal policy optimization(PPO) model. First, the extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost) model is used to select key technical factors as state inputs, and the reward function is designed based on transaction cost optimization. Second, parameter tuning is conducted for both A2C and PPO models to determine key hyperparameters such as the hidden layer structure, learning rate, and batch processing parameters. On this basis, an ensemble model framework is designed, and dynamic selection of base models is achieved by comparing the Sharpe ratios on the validation set. The backtesting results show that the integrated model yielded cumulative returns of 106 766 RMB, 84 739 RMB, and 78 408 RMB, alongside annualized returns of 32.03%,25.42%, and 23.52%, and Sharpe ratios of 1.95, 0.63, and 1.39 for the CSI 300, SSE 50, and CSI 500 indices,respectively, significantly outperforming single A2C and PPO models, as well as benchmark buy-and-hold and momentum strategies. By dynamically blending the distinct advantages of each base model based on validation-set performance, the proposed integrated strategy achieves lower maximum drawdowns and more robust returns amid market volatility. In particular, it can still maintain positive returns during the downward trend of the CSI 500 index,fully validating its risk mitigation capabilities and market adaptability.
Dual encoder-based reaction prediction for multilevel organic chemistry
ZHU Linxing;JIANG Shu;HUANG Jiashuang;DING Weiping;Prediction of forward reactions in organic chemistry as a critical artificial intelligence(AI) application has attracted more attention from researchers in recent years. The simplified molecular-input line-entry system(SMILES)provides a method to linearize the chemical molecular formula. Thus, based on SMILES encoding, reaction prediction can be converted to the task of sequence-to-sequence generation in a neural machine translation(NMT). The traditional Transformer model focuses only on the inter-atomic attention weights in the chemical formula and ignores the global information within the molecule. Moreover, the traditional Transformers suffer from performance degradation and limited generalization when encountering diverse representations of identical molecules. To address these points,we propose a reaction prediction method for multilevel organic chemistry based on dual encoders. Firstly, our model uses two encoders to process the information at the molecular level and the atomic level, respectively. Next, a molecular feature algorithm is proposed to obtain the interaction between molecules by averaging atom embeddings. Finally, a gating unit for automatic adjustment is utilized to perform multi-level feature fusion between the outputs of the atomic and molecular encoders. The fusion result is input to the decoder. Our results illustrate the method proposed obtains better results than the baseline on the three USPTO datasets and improves the generalization ability and long sequence processing ability of the model.
Effect of heat treatment processes on the microstructure and properties of low-alloy high-strength steel Q890D
ZHU Pengxiao;LI Yi;WEN Jun;QI Yulong;LI Chaoyong;To improve the comprehensive performance of Q890D, the influence mechanism of different quenching temperatures on microstructure, properties, and fatigue life was analyzed. The microstructure and mechanical properties of Q890D low-alloy high-strength steel subjected to various quenching temperatures(870, 900, and 930 °C) and tempering processes were characterized via optical microscopy, hardness testing, universal tensile testing, low-temperature impact testing, fatigue testing, and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The results showed that when the tempering conditions were consistent(tempering at 550 ℃ for 2 hours), Q890D had the best mechanical properties after quenching at 900 ℃, with a tensile strength of 1 206 MPa, a specified plastic elongation strength of 1 025 MPa, a fracture elongation of 18.5%, and impact energies of 229 J(20 ℃) and 122 J(-40 ℃), respectively. Its performance was superior to the requirements of the national standard for Q890D. After quenching at(870～930 ℃) for 1 hour and tempering at550 ℃ for 2 hours, the microstructure of Q890D was tempered sorbite and a small amount of ferrite, and Q890D maintained high strength and toughness. All tensile fractures were microvoid coalescence features fractures. From 20 ℃to-30 ℃, the impact energy of Q890D decreased less with the temperature decreasing. The impact energy decreased sharply below-30 ℃, and ductile-to-brittle transition temperature was between-40 ℃ and-50 ℃. The axial fatigue cycle times of Q890D after heat treatment optimization were 1.87 times, 3.47 times, and 2.36 times higher than before optimization, indicating that quenching for 1 hour at 870～930 ℃ and tempering for 2 hours at 550 ℃ could significantly improve the fatigue performance of Q890D. The instantaneous fracture zone of the fatigue fracture surface showed dimples, indicating that Q890D had good toughness.
Higher-order multi-scale computational method and its error estimation for heat conduction problem of quasi-periodic composite structures
DING Yifei;DONG Hao;In this paper, a comprehensive computational framework is established based on multiscale asymptotic analysis for analyzing the heat conduction performances of quasi-periodic composite structures, integrating lower-and higher-order microscopic unit cell models, a homogenized macroscopic model, and a second-order two-scale asymptotic solution with macro-micro correlations. Subsequently, local error analysis demonstrates that the second-order two-scale solution ensures local heat flux balance, accurately capturing the micro-scale oscillating behavior of quasiperiodic composite structures. Furthermore, global error analysis in the integral sense provides explicit error estimates for the second-order two-scale solution. Additionally, a multi-scale numerical algorithm is developed, combining the finite element method, finite difference method, and interpolation method, to effectively solve the heat conduction problem. Finally, numerical experiments confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method, in particular, its high-precision computational performance is thoroughly validated.
Microbial Dye Preparation and Its Application in Textile Dyeing
Li Yingying;Huo Zihao;Fan Shujun;Zhu Xintao;Jiang Sihan;Yin Yunjie;Wang Chaoxia;Microbial dyes are natural pigments generated by microbial metabolism. Featuring environmental friendliness， biosafety and diverse functions， they have become a research hotspot in the field of eco-friendly textile dyeing. In this paper， microbial dyes are classified according to their sources including fungi， bacteria and microalgae as well as their chemical structures. Two major preparation routes for microbial dyes are elaborated， namely fermentation synthesis using wild strains and targeted synthesis via genetically modified strains. The extraction， purification and separation technologies applicable to pigments with different properties are summarized， and the corresponding dyeing processes for cellulose fibers， protein fibers and synthetic fibers are reviewed. At present， the industrialization of strains for microbial dyes remains at a low level， accompanied by insufficient extraction efficiency， poor light fastness and weather resistance of pigments， and attenuation of antibacterial activity after light exposure. In the future， synthetic biology should be adopted to optimize strain performance， and high-efficiency extraction technologies with low residue need to be developed. Meanwhile， dye modification and fabric pretreatment can be applied to improve color fastness and pigment stability， so as to promote the large-scale industrial application of microbial dyes in the textile industry.
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Advances in the Application of Artificial Intelligence in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
SUN Xiangyu;LIU Xiaozhu;Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains a pivotal unsolved challenge in critical care medicine. Its high mortality rate and marked interindividual heterogeneity in patients render it difficult to further enhance the clinical efficacy of conventional supportive therapies. This systematic review comprehensively collates the research progress of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technologies in the clinical management of ARDS， and focuses on analyzing their transformative value in innovating the diagnosis and treatment pathway of ARDS and improving clinical outcomes. The multimodal application scenarios of AI/ML technologies are systematically explored: early prediction and accurate diagnosis of ARDS are achieved based on multimodal data such as electronic health records (EHRs) and imaging examinations; prognostic assessment models superior to traditional scoring systems are constructed to implement accurate patient risk stratification; different ARDS subtypes are precisely identified to provide scientific guidance for formulating individualized treatment regimens. In addition， the specific roles of AI technologies in the optimization of clinical treatment are elaborated in detail， and their application potential in the field of ARDS-related drug research and development is also covered. Finally， the major current bottlenecks in the application of AI technologies for ARDS are analyzed， including inconsistent data quality， insufficient model generalization ability， poor interpretability， and difficulties in clinical translation and integration. Meanwhile， it is pointed out that AI-driven diagnosis and treatment strategies provide an unprecedented opportunity for the implementation of precision medicine for ARDS， the optimization of real-time clinical decision-making， and the ultimate improvement of patient prognosis， thus offering a comprehensive reference basis for subsequent relevant research and clinical translational applications.
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Impulsive Sampled-Data Control of Nonlinear Flexible Spacecraft under Cyberattacks
DENG Yingwei;YAN Hao;DING Kui;WANG Zipeng;This paper investigates the secure tracking control problem for nonlinear flexible spacecraft subject to false data injection (FDI) attacks. An impulsive sampled-data control method based on the Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model is proposed to guarantee stable trajectory tracking in a networked environment. First， the nonlinear attitude dynamics of the flexible spacecraft are represented by a T-S fuzzy model to describe the strong nonlinearity and rigid-flexible coupling. A fuzzy reference system with the same structure is then introduced， and the tracking control problem is transformed into the stability analysis of an error system. Second， since FDI attacks on sampled data may cause abrupt state jumps， a T-S fuzzy impulsive error system is established. Accordingly， a fuzzy impulsive state-feedback controller is designed. Furthermore， by constructing a piecewise time-varying Lyapunov function and using linear matrix inequality techniques， sufficient conditions are derived to ensure the asymptotic stability and prescribed H∞ performance of the closed-loop system. A feasible procedure is also provided for computing the controller gains. Finally， a numerical example of a typical flexible spacecraft is presented. The results show that， under bounded periodic FDI attacks on the sampled error information channel， the proposed controller effectively suppresses the tracking errors induced by attack signals and rigid-flexible coupling. The attitude angular velocities and quaternion vector components converge to the reference trajectory. Compared with the case without control input， the closed-loop tracking errors are significantly reduced， the control inputs remain within a reasonable range， and the H∞ steady-state attenuation rate satisfies the prescribed performance index. These results demonstrate the effectiveness and rationality of the proposed T-S fuzzy impulsive sampled-data control method.
[Downloads: 8 ] [Citations: 0 ] [Reads: 25 ] HTML PDF Cite this article
A Hybrid Random Access Scheme Assisted by Access Class Barring
CHEN Mengyan;QIAN Wenyan;HUANG Yuan;YANG Jing;In ultra-massive machine-type communication scenarios for sixth-generation mobile communication systems， burst concurrent access from massive devices leads to network congestion， access collisions， reduced access success rates， and increased energy consumption. To address these issues， an access class barring (ACB)-assisted hybrid random access scheme is proposed.In this scheme， whether to perform an ACB check is dynamically determined based on the real-time number of devices requesting access. When the number of requesting devices does not exceed the maximum number of preambles， all devices initiate random access directly; otherwise， devices must pass an ACB check. The devices that pass the check are classified into delay-sensitive and delay-tolerant types according to their service characteristics， and they adopt the two-step and four-step random access procedures， respectively， while sharing the same preamble pool. Under the constraint of device access delay， the ACB factor， the number of preambles， and the optimal probability of a device being classified as delay-sensitive are dynamically adjusted to maximize the random access efficiency. The simulation results show that when the number of requested access devices exceeds the maximum number of preamble codes， the average random access efficiency of the proposed scheme is significantly higher than that of the traditional random access scheme， the scheme combining two-step - four-step random access， and the joint access control and resource allocation scheme. The average access delay is reduced by approximately 50% compared to the traditional random access scheme， and is lower than that of the scheme combining two-step to four-step random access and the joint access control and resource allocation scheme. The average energy consumption is the lowest among the four schemes， and the growth rate with the increase in the number of devices is the most moderate. Through dynamic access control， differentiated random access procedures， and shared preamble mechanism， the proposed scheme effectively alleviates access congestion and collision problems under high-load conditions， thereby improving system access capacity and resource utilization efficiency.Furthermore， by introducing a comparative analysis of average random access efficiency under different maximum retransmission times， it was verified that the proposed scheme can still maintain stable performance advantages under different retransmission constraints.
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Study on environmental influence of heavy metals in downstream farmland soil of a gold-copper mine tailings pond that has been out of service
SUN Fengrui;YU Zhengmao;ZHANG Wenguo;XIAO E;JU Weiwei;Elevated heavy metal concentrations exist in decommissioned gold-copper tailings ponds and may migrate， posing a potential risk to the downstream farmland soil environment. This study focuses on the heavy metal contamination extent and degree in farmland downstream of a decommissioned gold-copper tailings pond. Strata lithological distribution and groundwater flow direction in the study area are determined via drilling exploration. Heavy metal concentrations in surface soil samples， collected from the tailings pond and downstream farmland within a 2 km radius， are analyzed. Results show that several heavy metal concentrations in tailings pond soil significantly exceed the agricultural land soil environmental pollution risk screening values， with a Nemerow composite pollution index of 5.10， and the site is classified as severely polluted. In contrast， both single-factor and comprehensive multi-factor pollution indices of nine targeted heavy metals in surface soils from downstream farmland within 1 km are categorized as "clean." No discernible spatial trends or correlations of heavy metal concentrations are observed along the valley of the study area. Mild pollution caused by Cu is detected in soils 2 km downstream of the tailings pond. Based on the assessment of upstream topography， groundwater conditions and heavy metal distribution patterns， the potential of Cu migration from upstream soil or groundwater to this exceedance site is considered low. Strengthened environmental management and further identification of pollution sources are required in this local contaminated area. This study suggests that with proper closure management after decommissioning—including leachate collection systems and improved drainage systems—the risk of heavy metal contamination to downstream farmland soils from this gold-copper tailings pond is relatively low.
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Application of Increasing PID Controlling Method in Temperature Controlling System
YAN Xiao-zhao,ZHANG Xing-guo(School of Mechanical Engineering,Nantong University,Nantong 226007,China)Temperature control is widely applied in scientific experiments and industrial processes.However,the temperature control system has characteristics of being nonlinear,time-varying and has hysteretic complicated large inertial system,and the effect of control is closely related to the algorithms adopted.In this paper,an experimental temperature control system is developed to meet the requirement of innovative ability training for mechatronic undergraduates.An increasing PID control algorithm is designed.The experimental results prove that the effect of the designed algorithm is better than the traditional PID algorithm.
Research and Development in Techniques of Dyeing Wastewater Treatment
JING Xiao-hui 1,YOUKe-fei 2,DING Xin-yu 2,CAI Zai-sheng 1(1.School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Donghua University,Shanghai200051,China; 2.School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Nantong University,Nantong226007,China)Reviewof the progress on treating methods of dyeing wastewater is presented,especially the advanced techniques are introduced,suchas membrane extraction,ultrasonic processes,high-energyphysical processes,advanced electrocatalytic oxidaˉtion processes and advanced photocatalytic oxidation processes.The treating trend for the dyeing wastewater is discussed.
The Application and the Development Foreground of Chitin and Chitosan
ZHANG Wei,LIN Hong,CHEN Yu-yue (School of Material Engineering,Soochow University,Suzhou 215021,China)The structure and the performance of chitin and chitosan are introduced and the application of chitin and chitosan in various fields is analyzed in this paper.The existing problems and the development foreground of chitin and chitosan are summarized in this paper.
Overview of SERS
LAN Yan-na,ZHOULing (Nantong Institute of Technology,Nantong226007,China)The principle of Raman spectrumis expounded first.Then the characteristics of SERS effect in experiment is summaˉrized and the mechanism of SERS is described.It's an accepted viewthat the mechanism of electromagnetic enhancement and the mechanismof chemical enhancement are both in existence.But which one is more important in different experiment depends on specific condition.
Application of ANSYS to Reinforced Concrete Beam
WANG Ya-ping 1,CHEN Jian-ping 2 ,CHEN Wu-zhou 3(1.Nantong Institute of Technology,Nantong226007,China;2.Nantong Architectural Design Institute of Industry,Nantong226001,China;3.Nantong Water Conservancy Construction Company,Nantong226005,China)In this article,taking features of reinforced concrete into account ,FEM software of ANSYS was used to calculate the beam' s deformation and the stress and strain of the normal section.At last,the answers to ANSYS(crack length,stress of reinforc-ing bar and concrete)and theoretical answers were compared in search of reasons and ways or measures that can amend it.
The Application and the Development Foreground of Chitin and Chitosan
ZHANG Wei,LIN Hong,CHEN Yu-yue (School of Material Engineering,Soochow University,Suzhou 215021,China)The structure and the performance of chitin and chitosan are introduced and the application of chitin and chitosan in various fields is analyzed in this paper.The existing problems and the development foreground of chitin and chitosan are summarized in this paper.
Application of Increasing PID Controlling Method in Temperature Controlling System
YAN Xiao-zhao,ZHANG Xing-guo(School of Mechanical Engineering,Nantong University,Nantong 226007,China)Temperature control is widely applied in scientific experiments and industrial processes.However,the temperature control system has characteristics of being nonlinear,time-varying and has hysteretic complicated large inertial system,and the effect of control is closely related to the algorithms adopted.In this paper,an experimental temperature control system is developed to meet the requirement of innovative ability training for mechatronic undergraduates.An increasing PID control algorithm is designed.The experimental results prove that the effect of the designed algorithm is better than the traditional PID algorithm.
Preparation of functionalized carbon nanomaterials and their energy storage applications
LI Qi;QIN Tian;GE Cunwang;Over the past decades, functional carbon nanomaterials(FCMs) have attracted much attention from the materials science community owning to their outstanding physical and chemical properties, such as high electronic conductivity/rapid mass transfer, plentiful active sites, good chemical stability, and robust mechanical stiffness. In view of the anisotropic and synergistic effects stemming from the functionalization as well as small size effect at the nanoscale,these multifunctional FCMs exhibit high potential especially in lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, potassiumion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, organic solar cells, and supercapacitors. In this review, the functionalization strategies of carbon nanomaterials that have been developed over the last five years are comprehensively summarized and then application of FCMs in energy storage and conversion is introduced exhaustively. Finally, the pressing challenges and research directions are discussed according to the development trend.
Preparation of biochar and its application in environmental pollution management
WANG Jiayue;LING Qian;ZHANG Yunhao;WANG Xinyu;LIN Jiaqi;ZHANG Weitao;LIU Zhixin;WANG Xiangke;Biochar is a kind of environmentally friendly porous material which can be easily synthesized at low cost and in large scale. It has a wide range of applications in environmental pollution control and pollutants′ remediation and immobilization due to its large specific surface area and abundant surface functional groups. In this review, we mainly summarized the preparation of biochar, discussed the effect of preparation conditions on the properties of prepared biochar. The application of biochar in the removal of various pollutants from wastewater and soil improvement,the immobilization and elimination of different pollutants in soils, were reviewed in detail and the interaction mechanism was discussed. The removal of heavy metal ions was mainly attributed to the sorption of metal ions through the formation of surface complexes and part of metal ions could be reduced from high valence to low valence and then immobilized on biochar through adsorption-reduction-solidification strategy. The removal of organic pollutants from solution to biochar was mainly attributed to surface complexation, H bonding and π-π interaction on biochar surfaces.The organic pollutants could also be photocatalytic degraded by biochar or biochar-based materials under visible light irradiation. In conclusion, further research and discussion on the interaction mechanism of pollutant molecular with biochar at molecular level are helpful for the application of biochar in wastewater treatment and soil remediation. This review is of scientific significance for reducing the migration and transformation of pollutants in the environment and reducing the risk of environmental pollutants in the natural environment.
Modeling and simulation of proton exchange membrane electrolyzer system
WANG Huidong;YAO Haiyan;GUO Qiang;XIA Hongjun;Proton exchange membrane(PEM) electrolyzer converts electrical energy into chemical and heat energy,which is a green hydrogen production method, featuring fast response, high current density, compact structure, and other advantages. In the modeling of proton exchange membrane electrolysis water hydrogen production system,existing literature lacks a lumped parameter model that comprehensively describes the voltage and current changes of the electrolysis cell, as well as the temperature dynamics of each component of the system. This study establishes a steady-state voltage model of PEM electrolyzer and the thermal dynamic model of the system based on the basic principles of electrochemistry and the laws of thermodynamics. The simulation analysis was carried out based on MATLAB/Simulink software, and the simulation results were compared with the experimental data. The results showed that the voltage error is less than 0.02 V, and the temperature error is less than 1.6 K, which verifies the validity of the model. The established model can describe and predict the behavior of system parameters and provide support for system design and control. According to the efficiency model of PEM electrolyzer and the simulation results, the influence of different temperature and pressure on the performance of the electrolyzer was analyzed. It is concluded that increasing the temperature and decreasing the pressure can improve the efficiency of the electrolyzer, with temperature being the main factor. Using the simulation model, a feedforward PID controller was employed for temperature control, achieving an overshoot of less than 0.6 K and a settling time within 400 seconds. Comparison with a traditional PID controller demonstrates that the feedforward PID controller has advantages in terms of reduced overshoot and faster response.