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About the Journal
Governed by: Jiangsu Education Department
Sponsored by: Nantong University
Published by: Editorial Office of Journal of Nantong University (Natural Science Edition)
Issues per year: 4
ISSN: 1673-2340
CN: 32-1755/N
Multi-UAV autonomous collision avoidance via deep reinforcement learning with CNN-LSTM fusion networks
LIANG Chengqing;LI Lei;LIU LeiAiming at the autonomous collision avoidance problem of multi-unmanned aerial vehicles(multi-UAVs) in complex environments, the proximal policy optimization(PPO) algorithm is adopted to investigate the autonomous collision avoidance strategy for multi-UAVs. Firstly, to address the problem of poor coordination during multi-UAVs collision avoidance, a CNN-LSTM fusion network incorporating convolutional neural network(CNN) and long shortterm memory(LSTM) network is designed by introducing LSTM to construct memory functionality. The fusion network fully utilizes the capability of CNN in feature extraction and the advantages of LSTM in processing sequential data, thereby improving the robustness of UAV decision-making. Secondly, a novel reward function is designed based on artificial potential field reward shaping technique. By designing a main reward combined with several auxiliary rewards, reward sparsity is effectively avoided. The mainline reward guides the UAV toward the predetermined target,while the auxiliary rewards encourage the UAV to take more flexible and robust actions, thus achieving more effective autonomous collision avoidance in complex environments. Finally, the algorithm is validated through simulations in both obstacle-free and obstacle environments. Simulation results demonstrate that the CLPPO algorithm based on CL fusion network effectively improves algorithm performance. In addition, comparative experiments and robustness tests under high-density UAV environments are conducted. The test results show that the algorithm exhibits excellent performance in terms of return and collision avoidance success rate.
Dual k-anonymous location privacy-preserving scheme with multi-attribute decision-making
CHEN Xueqi;ZHANG Jing;LIN Yuwei;HUANG Yirui;LIAO HuaxiongLocation-based privacy protection is increasingly important, and k-anonymity technique is an effective method for protecting location privacy. Most existing schemes generate anonymous sets based on a single attribute of location, making it easy for attackers to infer real locations within the anonymous set using background knowledge. To address this issue, a dual k-anonymous location privacy-preserving scheme with multi-attribute decision-making(DKMD) is proposed to solve privacy problems in location-based services(LBS) scenarios. Firstly, an edge caching strategy is proposed to improve data access efficiency and reduce privacy threats from third-party anonymizers.Secondly, a dual k-anonymity scheme is designed: an anonymous set is generated before the user queries the edge cache or before the edge cache queries the LBS server to prevent user location identification. Before the edge cache queries the LBS server, multi-attribute decision-making is adopted to generate an edge anonymous set, thereby further enhancing the security of the anonymous set. Finally, comparative experiments are conducted on real trajectory datasets to evaluate performance metrics including location entropy, location dispersion, caching efficiency, and computational time. Results demonstrate that the proposed DKMD framework enhances overall system data transmission rates while protecting user location privacy.
Network analysis of the development level of common prosperity in Jiangsu Province based on the gravity model
LI Wende;CAO HaiyanBased on the entropy method, an evaluation index system for the development level of common prosperity in Jiangsu Province is reconstructed from five dimensions: economic development, social equity, education and culture,ecological environment, and social security. The spatial-temporal evolution pattern of the development level of common prosperity in prefectural-level cities of Jiangsu Province is elaborated in detail. The gravity model is introduced into common prosperity research to empirically analyze the gravitational intensity and radiation capacity of the development level of common prosperity among prefectural-level cities in Jiangsu Province from 2018 to 2022. By integrating the centrality characteristics of complex networks with the gravity model, critical nodal cities in the common prosperity network structure are precisely identified. The results indicate that the overall development level of common prosperity in Jiangsu Province shows a slight decline, with significant regional development disparities. Relatively few cities among prefectural-level cities possess high radiation capacity in the development level of common prosperity.Different regions form distinct network patterns of radiation capacity for common prosperity development level, and the radiation capacity of common prosperity development level within each region is generally higher than that between cities in external regions, indicating that the radiation and driving effect of the province′s common prosperity development level has considerable room for improvement. Changzhou, Yangzhou, Nanjing, and Huai′an exhibit generally high centrality indices under the gravity model, with significant radiation and connection effects, indicating that these cities hold crucial positions for the overall enhancement of the province′s common prosperity development level.This study provides a new quantitative analysis perspective for common prosperity research, contributing to a deeper understanding of the collaboration and radiation mechanisms of common prosperity.
Study on durability of underwater pile foundation concrete based on SVR-SSA combined model
KANG Fengyi;DU Zhongbao;CHEN Zhiming;QIAN Guangyao;QI HaodongFor the service life prediction problem of durability degradation of underwater pile foundation concrete in the water level fluctuation zone caused by chloride ion erosion, traditional methods based on Fick′s law have limitations due to idealized assumptions and difficulty in covering complex factors. This paper proposes a hybrid SVR-SSA model combining support vector regression(SVR) with the salp swarm algorithm(SSA) to achieve accurate prediction of concrete service life in chloride environments under this scenario. Based on measured sample data from the riverside and coastal waters of Nantong City, the model was constructed and training and prediction experiments were conducted. The proposed model was compared with the single SVR model and the hybrid model combining SVR and moth-flame optimization algorithm. The results indicate that the SVR-SSA model exhibits significantly superior prediction accuracy, with a mean squared error(MSE) as low as 0.145, representing at least 95.87% improvement over other models, and a standard deviation of 0.056. The comprehensive performance in terms of MSE and standard deviation confirms that this method can provide effective support for durability research on underwater pile foundation concrete in small-sample scenarios within the water level fluctuation zone.
Electrocatalytic carbon-nitrogen coupling mechanism and catalyst design strategy for urea synthesis
MA Chunyang;ZHOU Haiyan;HUAN Yunfei;LIU Sisi;YAN ChenglinUrea, as an important nitrogen fertilizer, is widely used in agriculture and chemical industry. However, traditional industrial synthesis processes have high energy consumption and large carbon emissions, imposing significant environmental pressure. To achieve low-energy and environmentally friendly urea synthesis, electrocatalytic carbon-nitrogen(C-N) coupling reactions have become a research hotspot. However, this process faces challenges such as slow reactant adsorption, significant competing side reactions, and complex multi-step pathways, resulting in limited urea yield and selectivity. The development of efficient catalysts is the key breakthrough: the structure and composition of catalysts directly affect the adsorption, activation, and conversion efficiency of reactants, while also determining the stability and energy consumption of the reaction system. Starting from the C-N coupling mechanism, this paper reviews the reaction mechanisms based on different carbon and nitrogen sources, focuses on catalyst optimization strategies including heteroatom doping, defect engineering, facet control, atomic-scale design, alloying, and heterostructure construction, and summarizes the latest research progress to provide technical reference for improving electrocatalytic performance. In addition, this paper analyzes the challenges of industrial application of electrocatalysts, including catalyst stability, reaction condition optimization, and cost control, and proposes future research directions to support clean urea production and contribute to achieving carbon neutrality and artificial nitrogen cycle goals.
Preparation and properties of cellulose nanocrystal/polyethylene glycol hygroscopic color-changing film
FAN Songbai;WU Yuting;PAN Zhijuan;Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC)， as a renewable nanomaterial， exhibit unique advantages in humidity sensing due to their high specific surface area， abundant hydroxyl active sites， and controllable hygroscopic properties. In this study， CNC was prepared using the sulfuric acid hydrolysis method and CNC films were fabricated through self-assembly. The effects of hydrolysis time， self-assembly temperature conditions and ultrasonic treatment parameters on the yield， morphology and structure of CNC were systematically investigated. To further enhance the moisture response and mechanical properties of the films， CNC/ polyethylene glycol (PEG) composite films were prepared by incorporating different proportions of PEG. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to characterize the chemical structure and crystallization behavior of CNC/PEG films， and the mechanical properties and moisture-sensitive color change performance of the them were explored. The results showed that when the hydrolysis time was 60 minutes， the yield of CNC could reach up to 19.8%. Optimizing the ultrasonic treatment (120 W， 7 minutes) effectively improved the dispersion of CNC and enhanced the moisture-sensitive color change effect of the CNC films. When PEG was added at a concentration of 40%， the tensile strength of the CNC/PEG composite film reached 16.2 MPa， with enhanced moisture response sensitivity. This study provides theoretical basis and technical reference for the development of green humidity sensors based on natural polymers.
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Research on the antibacterial modification and properties of melt blown materials using DEHMA
ZHU Xia;ZENG Qianru;GUAN Kehan;XU Haibo;CHEN Guangfu;ZHANG Haifeng;To address the risk of secondary pollution caused by captured harmful microorganisms in melt blown air filtration materials， this study utilized polypropylene (PP) melt blown material as a substrate. The quaternary ammonium salt antibacterial agent 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate hexadecyl bromide (DEHMA)， acrylic acid (AA)， and silver ions were sequentially grafted onto its surface via a chemical grafting method， successfully preparing two antibacterial materials: PP-DEHMA-AA and PP-DEHMA-AA-Ag. The successful grafting of DEHMA and silver ions was confirmed through multiple characterization techniques， including scanning electron microscopy (SEM)， energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS)， Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)， and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The characterization results demonstrated that after grafting modification， distinct particles appeared on the material surface， and the EDS spectra detected characteristic elements of DEHMA， namely Br and Ag. However， the modification process did not significantly alter the crystalline structure of the PP melt blown material， with its characteristic diffraction peaks remaining at 14.1°， 17.9°， and 22.0°. Antibacterial performance tests indicated that the modified materials exhibited excellent antibacterial efficacy against both Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Specifically， the PP-DEHMA-AA material achieved antibacterial rates of 98.95% against E. coli and 99.15% against S. aureus. The antibacterial rates were further enhanced to 99.43% against E. coli and 99.69% against S. aureus for the PP-DEHMA-AA-Ag material， which also demonstrated a faster bactericidal rate against S. aureus. This enhanced effect is attributed to the synergistic antibacterial action between the cationic properties of DEHMA and the multiple antibacterial mechanisms of silver ions: DEHMA disrupts the bacterial cell membrane structure through electrostatic interactions， while silver ions penetrate the cell interior and destroy enzyme activity. This study provides a feasible pathway for developing high-efficiency antibacterial air filtration materials.
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Fabrication and Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Properties of Flake Carbonyl Iron/Polyester Fiber Reinforced Composites
JIN Xinyi;GUO Nannan;FENG Jingang;HE Hengxin;ZHU Licheng;PANG Tianwen;GU Wenyan;Flake carbonyl iron powder (CIP) is a typical magnetic loss-type absorbing agent， but its high density limits its practical application. In this study， CIP was compounded with polyester fiber (PET) to prepare flake carbonyl iron/polyester fiber reinforced composites (CIP/PET/PU)， and their performance was investigated. Firstly， CIP of two different sizes was separately dispersed at various concentrations into a waterborne polyurethane (PU) solution to form impregnation solutions. Subsequently， the polyester fiber was immersed in these solutions to prepare the CIP/PET/PU. Through characterization of microstructure， electromagnetic wave absorption properties， and mechanical performance of CIP/PET/PU， differences were observed between the front and back sides in terms of microstructure， and its cross-section exhibited a gradient distribution of CIP， transitioning from a dense concentration at the back side to a sparse distribution at the front side. Larger CIP particles are more prone to form a dense structure on the back side. The electromagnetic wave absorption performance of the back side is significantly superior to that of the front side. For CIP/PET/PU containing larger CIP particles at a CIP:PU ratio of 1.5， the minimum reflection loss reached -25 dB at 18 GHz. Furthermore， effective absorption is still achieved even at a low filler loading of 1.5×10-1， demonstrating a promising potential for low-load composites with great electromagnetic wave absorption. Compared with the composite material without CIP， CIP/PET/PU exhibited different trends in mechanical properties. The mechanical properties of CIP/PET/PU with smaller CIP particles at a CIP:PU ratio of 1.5×10-2 are slightly higher than or close to those of composite without CIP. In contrast， for composites with larger CIP particles at a ratio of 1.5， the mechanical properties are slightly better than those of the composite without CIP. However， all other samples exhibited inferior mechanical performance.
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自适应吸附磁轮系统优化设计研究 Study on Optimal Design of Adaptive Adsorption Magnetic Wheel System
ZHOU Shuo;LI Lu;To address the issues of poor wall adaptability and insufficient obstacle-surmounting capability in magnetic adsorption wall-climbing robots， an adaptive adsorption magnetic wheel system with a built-in rotatable permanent magnet array is proposed. The system incorporates a flexible coupling mechanism， enabling two operational modes: adaptive and active regulation. This allows it to autonomously traverse external right-angle walls and actively complete transitions across internal right-angle corners. Based on a modular design concept， the system can be extended into various configurations to accommodate diverse operational tasks. Grounded in static magnetic field theory， three magnetization schemes for the permanent magnet array were compared， identifying the Halbach array as the optimal solution due to its superior magnetic performance. Furthermore， parametric optimization was performed using the number of permanent magnets and the arc angle as variables， ultimately selecting an array composed of five permanent magnets with a 95° arc angle. Prototype testing demonstrates that the adsorption forces of the system on flat walls， internal right-angle walls， and external right-angle walls reach 56 N， 34.3 N， and 29.5 N， respectively， consistent with simulation results. A two-wheeled robot constructed based on this system achieved smooth transitions across both internal and external right-angle walls， and its effectiveness and engineering practicality were validated through field inspections on a steel girder bridge.
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Economic optimization of integrated energy system based on improved seagull algorithm
QU Yuehan;LI Yuan;LIU Xiaolin;XU Zhifan;Faced with the dual pressures of dwindling non-renewable resources and worsening environmental degradation， tensions within the energy sector continue to escalate. Enhancing the energy utilisation efficiency of integrated energy systems has become particularly crucial. To address the challenges posed by the complex coupling of multiple energy devices， an integrated energy system model encompassing electricity， heat， gas， and cooling is proposed. This model comprehensively considers multiple factors including power balance， energy supply equipment， and energy storage devices. A weighted-sum method is employed to formulate the objective function as the minimization of the total system cost. Given the complexity of the optimization problem， an improved seagull optimization algorithm is proposed to solve the objective function. The algorithm primarily incorporates Logistic-Tent chaotic mapping to initialize the seagull population， thereby improving the uniformity of the initial solutions. During the parallel search phase， a Levy flight strategy is incorporated to avoid local optima. Additionally， a Sigmoid function is used to dynamically adjust the convergence factor B， enabling adaptive balancing between global exploration and local exploitation throughout the iterative process and enhancing the algorithm’s search efficiency. Simulation experiments are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm. The results show that the scheduling model based on the improved seagull optimization algorithm offers a more economical operational plan. Compared with the model optimized by the traditional seagull algorithm， the proposed approach reduces the total system cost by 8.66% and improves execution efficiency by 60.13%.
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Application of Increasing PID Controlling Method in Temperature Controlling System
YAN Xiao-zhao,ZHANG Xing-guo(School of Mechanical Engineering,Nantong University,Nantong 226007,China)Temperature control is widely applied in scientific experiments and industrial processes.However,the temperature control system has characteristics of being nonlinear,time-varying and has hysteretic complicated large inertial system,and the effect of control is closely related to the algorithms adopted.In this paper,an experimental temperature control system is developed to meet the requirement of innovative ability training for mechatronic undergraduates.An increasing PID control algorithm is designed.The experimental results prove that the effect of the designed algorithm is better than the traditional PID algorithm.
Research and Development in Techniques of Dyeing Wastewater Treatment
JING Xiao-hui 1,YOUKe-fei 2,DING Xin-yu 2,CAI Zai-sheng 1(1.School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Donghua University,Shanghai200051,China; 2.School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Nantong University,Nantong226007,China)Reviewof the progress on treating methods of dyeing wastewater is presented,especially the advanced techniques are introduced,suchas membrane extraction,ultrasonic processes,high-energyphysical processes,advanced electrocatalytic oxidaˉtion processes and advanced photocatalytic oxidation processes.The treating trend for the dyeing wastewater is discussed.
The Application and the Development Foreground of Chitin and Chitosan
ZHANG Wei,LIN Hong,CHEN Yu-yue (School of Material Engineering,Soochow University,Suzhou 215021,China)The structure and the performance of chitin and chitosan are introduced and the application of chitin and chitosan in various fields is analyzed in this paper.The existing problems and the development foreground of chitin and chitosan are summarized in this paper.
Overview of SERS
LAN Yan-na,ZHOULing (Nantong Institute of Technology,Nantong226007,China)The principle of Raman spectrumis expounded first.Then the characteristics of SERS effect in experiment is summaˉrized and the mechanism of SERS is described.It's an accepted viewthat the mechanism of electromagnetic enhancement and the mechanismof chemical enhancement are both in existence.But which one is more important in different experiment depends on specific condition.
Application of ANSYS to Reinforced Concrete Beam
WANG Ya-ping 1,CHEN Jian-ping 2 ,CHEN Wu-zhou 3(1.Nantong Institute of Technology,Nantong226007,China;2.Nantong Architectural Design Institute of Industry,Nantong226001,China;3.Nantong Water Conservancy Construction Company,Nantong226005,China)In this article,taking features of reinforced concrete into account ,FEM software of ANSYS was used to calculate the beam' s deformation and the stress and strain of the normal section.At last,the answers to ANSYS(crack length,stress of reinforc-ing bar and concrete)and theoretical answers were compared in search of reasons and ways or measures that can amend it.
The Application and the Development Foreground of Chitin and Chitosan
ZHANG Wei,LIN Hong,CHEN Yu-yue (School of Material Engineering,Soochow University,Suzhou 215021,China)The structure and the performance of chitin and chitosan are introduced and the application of chitin and chitosan in various fields is analyzed in this paper.The existing problems and the development foreground of chitin and chitosan are summarized in this paper.
Application of Increasing PID Controlling Method in Temperature Controlling System
YAN Xiao-zhao,ZHANG Xing-guo(School of Mechanical Engineering,Nantong University,Nantong 226007,China)Temperature control is widely applied in scientific experiments and industrial processes.However,the temperature control system has characteristics of being nonlinear,time-varying and has hysteretic complicated large inertial system,and the effect of control is closely related to the algorithms adopted.In this paper,an experimental temperature control system is developed to meet the requirement of innovative ability training for mechatronic undergraduates.An increasing PID control algorithm is designed.The experimental results prove that the effect of the designed algorithm is better than the traditional PID algorithm.
Preparation of functionalized carbon nanomaterials and their energy storage applications
LI Qi;QIN Tian;GE Cunwang;Over the past decades, functional carbon nanomaterials(FCMs) have attracted much attention from the materials science community owning to their outstanding physical and chemical properties, such as high electronic conductivity/rapid mass transfer, plentiful active sites, good chemical stability, and robust mechanical stiffness. In view of the anisotropic and synergistic effects stemming from the functionalization as well as small size effect at the nanoscale,these multifunctional FCMs exhibit high potential especially in lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, potassiumion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, organic solar cells, and supercapacitors. In this review, the functionalization strategies of carbon nanomaterials that have been developed over the last five years are comprehensively summarized and then application of FCMs in energy storage and conversion is introduced exhaustively. Finally, the pressing challenges and research directions are discussed according to the development trend.
Preparation of biochar and its application in environmental pollution management
WANG Jiayue;LING Qian;ZHANG Yunhao;WANG Xinyu;LIN Jiaqi;ZHANG Weitao;LIU Zhixin;WANG Xiangke;Biochar is a kind of environmentally friendly porous material which can be easily synthesized at low cost and in large scale. It has a wide range of applications in environmental pollution control and pollutants′ remediation and immobilization due to its large specific surface area and abundant surface functional groups. In this review, we mainly summarized the preparation of biochar, discussed the effect of preparation conditions on the properties of prepared biochar. The application of biochar in the removal of various pollutants from wastewater and soil improvement,the immobilization and elimination of different pollutants in soils, were reviewed in detail and the interaction mechanism was discussed. The removal of heavy metal ions was mainly attributed to the sorption of metal ions through the formation of surface complexes and part of metal ions could be reduced from high valence to low valence and then immobilized on biochar through adsorption-reduction-solidification strategy. The removal of organic pollutants from solution to biochar was mainly attributed to surface complexation, H bonding and π-π interaction on biochar surfaces.The organic pollutants could also be photocatalytic degraded by biochar or biochar-based materials under visible light irradiation. In conclusion, further research and discussion on the interaction mechanism of pollutant molecular with biochar at molecular level are helpful for the application of biochar in wastewater treatment and soil remediation. This review is of scientific significance for reducing the migration and transformation of pollutants in the environment and reducing the risk of environmental pollutants in the natural environment.
Modeling and simulation of proton exchange membrane electrolyzer system
WANG Huidong;YAO Haiyan;GUO Qiang;XIA Hongjun;Proton exchange membrane(PEM) electrolyzer converts electrical energy into chemical and heat energy,which is a green hydrogen production method, featuring fast response, high current density, compact structure, and other advantages. In the modeling of proton exchange membrane electrolysis water hydrogen production system,existing literature lacks a lumped parameter model that comprehensively describes the voltage and current changes of the electrolysis cell, as well as the temperature dynamics of each component of the system. This study establishes a steady-state voltage model of PEM electrolyzer and the thermal dynamic model of the system based on the basic principles of electrochemistry and the laws of thermodynamics. The simulation analysis was carried out based on MATLAB/Simulink software, and the simulation results were compared with the experimental data. The results showed that the voltage error is less than 0.02 V, and the temperature error is less than 1.6 K, which verifies the validity of the model. The established model can describe and predict the behavior of system parameters and provide support for system design and control. According to the efficiency model of PEM electrolyzer and the simulation results, the influence of different temperature and pressure on the performance of the electrolyzer was analyzed. It is concluded that increasing the temperature and decreasing the pressure can improve the efficiency of the electrolyzer, with temperature being the main factor. Using the simulation model, a feedforward PID controller was employed for temperature control, achieving an overshoot of less than 0.6 K and a settling time within 400 seconds. Comparison with a traditional PID controller demonstrates that the feedforward PID controller has advantages in terms of reduced overshoot and faster response.